A hub is a centralized location within an airline, trucking, or maritime network that serves as a focal point connecting multiple routes, often referred to as spokes, in the transportation system. Strategically positioned to maximize operational efficiencies and improve access to various markets, hubs allow companies to streamline operations, consolidate cargo, and facilitate efficient transfers between different routes and modes of transport. These critical transfer points act as nodes where goods, passengers, or shipments are sorted, consolidated, and redistributed to their respective destinations, enabling better coordination, improved logistics planning, and reduced transit times, ultimately enhancing overall supply chain effectiveness and optimizing the movement of goods or people across vast transportation networks. The hub-and-spoke model enables the aggregation and distribution of high volumes of traffic, resulting in increased asset utilization, cost savings, and enhanced service levels, while strategically locating hubs at key geographical points allows transportation companies to better adapt to changing market demands, optimize resource allocation, and respond more effectively to fluctuations in supply and demand.